Adaptation and Refinement of a Clinically Applicable Phenotypic Battery to Individualize Opioid Use Disorder Treatment for Women Through the Postpartum Period

PROJECT SUMMARY Opioid overdose is a leading cause of pregnancy-associated mortality with most of these events occurring through the 12 months after delivery rather than the 9 months before delivery. Historically, the bulk of research on opioid use disorder (OUD) in this population has focused on pregnancy rather than postpartum. The ‘Fourth Trimester’ carries significant unique stressors, and women with OUD are especially vulnerable given the addi- tional stressors they face specific to addiction. Comprehensive treatment during pregnancy includes medica- tion for OUD (MOUD) with wrap-around services such as behavioral health and prenatal care. However, post- partum OUD treatment continuation rates are poor, opioid-related deaths increase, and even for women on MOUD within the month of delivery, postpartum overdose risk is not diminished. We urgently need evidence to guide how to improve not only postpartum OUD treatment continuation but also its effectiveness at strengthen- ing recovery, operationalized as abstinence or decreased substance use with improved quality of life. A novel approach to address this critical knowledge gap is to assess a woman’s multidimensional profile (‘phenotype’) at the pregnancy to postpartum transition then use that information to tailor her treatment regimen (e.g., dosing of buprenorphine, addition of other medications, targeted behavioral therapies) going forward after delivery. Multidimensional (‘phenotypic’) variables that determine one’s profile include biological, neurobehavioral and psychosocial factors. This strategy is in line with our current understanding of addiction having a neurobiologi- cal basis modified by one’s psychosocial context that can vary over the lifecourse. The proposed research has three aims: (1) Obtain qualitative data from women on MOUD and providers in perinatal addiction on chal- lenges and promoters of recovery specific to the postpartum period, (2) Use this data to systematically revise a battery developed by NIDA in collaboration with the VCU Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies to tailor it for women in the postpartum transition and to be feasible in a busy clinical environment, (3) Assess correlations between multidimensional variables, treatment and recovery outcomes through 12 months after delivery. The data from this innovative study will inform a clinical trial of an individualized treatment regimen for postpartum women on MOUD. This project focuses on two high priority areas to NIDA –personalization of addiction treat- ments and OUD through the perinatal period. The PI, Dr. Martin, is an Early-Career Investigator, obstetrician- gynecologist and addiction medicine physician. This career development award will fill gaps in her training nec- essary for her transition to independence in addictions research (in line with Notice of Special Interest NOT- DA-20-037). Specifically, Dr. Martin will advance her knowledge and skills in clinical trials, mixed methods re- search, addiction therapeutics, neurobehavioral science, advanced statistical analyses, professional develop- ment as well as the responsible and ethical conduct of research. She will work closely with a mentorship team and consultants with expertise across these specialties to carry out her career objectives and research aims.