Enhanced Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity in HIV Vaccine by Novel Adjuvant

PROJECT SUMMARY This exploratory study addresses the challenge of developing an effective HIV vaccine by focusing on natural killer (NK) cells and their ability to mediate antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). Building on the RV144 vaccine regimen, which demonstrated some efficacy in preventing HIV infection, the study explores using a novel oral adjuvant to enhance NK cell cytotoxicity and ADCC activity in the nonhuman primate model. Preliminary studies in a murine model showed promising results with this adjuvant, leading to the expansion of KLRG1+ NK cells known for their ADCC capacity. The study aims to investigate phenotypic, functional, and molecular changes in NK cell subsets in various tissues following RV144-like vaccination with the novel adjuvant. Additionally, the research aims to assess the enhanced antiviral effects and increased ADCC capability of NK cells induced by the combined vaccine and novel adjuvant. This innovative approach seeks to discover a novel vaccine adjuvant that strengthens NK cell activity against SIV/HIV in different tissues, potentially advancing the development of preventive HIV vaccines and therapeutic interventions.