Role of neutrophil-specific NOX2 in alcohol-induced liver injury

PROJECT SUMMARY The goal of this proposal is to define the role of neutrophil-specific NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) in alcoholic liver disease(ALD) and to evaluate its potential as a therapeutic target. ALD affectsmore than 10 million people in the U.S. and accounts for nearly half of liver cirrhosis-associated deaths. Understanding the pathogenesis of ALD is imperative for the development of effective therapies. Neutrophil accumulation in the liver is a hallmark for ALD. Evidence suggests that neutrophils are a key contributor to ALD. However, better understanding of molecular pathways important in regulating neutrophil functions is required to target these cells for ALD treatment. It is recently revealed that the activity and expression levels of NADPH oxidase (NOX)2, a major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS), were dramatically reduced in neutrophils from patients with advanced alcoholic cirrhosis or alcoholic hepatitis. Although ROS has been associated with inflammation, mounting evidence also suggests that NOX2-derived ROS actually plays a critical role in limiting, rather than promoting, inflammatory responses. Given the paradoxical role of NOX2, this proposal aims to fill the knowledge gaps regarding whether and how NOX2 regulates neutrophil functions. Our preliminary data demonstrate that mice with neutrophil-specific deletion of NOX2 develop exacerbated liver injury and prolonged inflammation after chronic plus binge ethanol treatment. NOX2-deficient neutrophils release much higher levels of IL-1 than WT-neutrophils. Together these findings led to our hypothesis that neutrophil-specific NOX2 plays a critical role in limiting inflammation and promoting resolution of inflammation during ALD. We propose three Specific Aims to (1) elucidate the mechanism accounting for increased IL-1 production by NOX2-deficient neutrophils during ALD, (2) investigate the role of neutrophil- specific NOX2 in the resolution of inflammation during ALD, (3) evaluate the potential of targeting neutrophil- specific NOX2 to treat ALD.