Positive Childhood Experiences and Intergenerational Trauma Transmission

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs; e.g., abuse, neglect, substance use) exert significant impact on adult health outcomes. Numerous studies have demonstrated a dose-relationship between the number of adversities experienced in childhood and adverse health outcomes in adulthood. In contrast, positive childhood experiences (PCEs) stem from safe, secure, nurturing relationships and environments, create a sense of belonging, and instill a sense of well-being. PCEs have been shown to have a protective effect on adult health outcomes, even in the presence of ACEs. Less is known about the intergenerational transmission of ACEs and PCEs (e.g., how parents’ own childhood experiences shape their parenting and subsequently impact their children’s experiences). Exploring the effects of PCEs and parenting practices on intergenerational trauma transmission among families could provide additional insight on parental transmission of both positive and adverse childhood experiences. The purpose of this Ruth L. Kirschstein Predoctoral Individual National Research Service Award (NRSA) application is to prepare the applicant to become an independent research scientist through tailored, mentored training and research experience. There are two aspects of this fellowship: 1) a training plan with objectives in methods proficiency, substantive expertise, and role attainment; and 2) a research project focused on understanding the role of PCEs in mitigating the effects of ACEs. A strong mentorship team that includes a sponsor, co-sponsor, and collaborators from the University of Michigan Schools of Nursing, Public Health, and Medicine, and consultants with expertise in the proposed data set and methods, will provide the necessary guidance in childhood experiences, parenting, and mixed methods. The proposed research project is a mixed methods study that will include a secondary data analysis from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, a nationally representative study that includes intergenerational data on childhood experiences and parenting, and primary qualitative data collection and analysis from parents with young children. Study aims are as follows:1) to investigate the extent to which parental PCEs moderate the association between parental ACEs and their children’s ACEs; 2) to investigate the extent to which positive parenting practices mediate the association between parental ACEs and their children's ACEs; and 3) to explore parents' perceptions of their own childhood experiences, both positive and negative, on their subsequent parenting practices. Findings will be integrated to offer a more nuanced approach and deeper understanding of what childhood experiences have the greatest impact on the next generation. The proposed research aligns with the National Institute of Nursing Research 2022-2026 Strategic Plan. This fellowship would allow for important learning opportunities and mentoring in mixed methods study design and analysis, secondary quantitative data analysis, and primary qualitative data collection and analysis, helping to lay a solid foundation for a future program of research focused on mixed methods study design and research.