SaTC: CORE: Medium: Cannot Trust Anything: A Tiny TCB Architecture for Secure Containers

The goal of this project is to protect users' sensitive data in cyber space from determined and resourceful attackers while requiring no changes to applications and no actions from users or software developers. The project's novelties lie in its rethinking of containers, which represent a piece of software that includes all resources an application needs to run across diverse computing environments. Current container technology relies on the operating system (OS) as the trusted computing base (TCB) to enforce their security guarantees. However, modern OSes like Linux are simply too large, with many vulnerabilities and places for malicious software to hide. The project re-envisions containers with a tiny TCB, small enough to be carefully checked, offering defenses even from the OS itself and third-party software. The project's broader significance and importance are its (i) enhancements to modern computing infrastructure supporting mobile, web and desktop applications even when the computer infrastructure and network have been compromised by bad actors and (ii) education and training of students in computing. The project is investigating creative solutions to the hard problems of protecting and defending the confidentiality and integrity of application state, including registers, physical memory, and files, while still enabling traditional computing and networking services. The approach supports system calls and libraries that receive data from and return data to the application, without requiring modifications to the application’s source code or special configuration by developers. The project will demonstrate that this new TCB architecture provides fine-grained protection of application state against a variety of real attacks, including side-channel attacks that traditional hypervisor and container architectures cannot shield against, while still adding only modest performance overhead to real application workloads. Society will benefit as users enjoy their favorite old apps and explore trending new apps with peace of mind in their safety, privacy, and security. This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.